Enterprise Alliance in the Formulation of National Standards:Strong Union or Complementary Strength?
Due to the active implementation of standardization strategies in various countries,the research on standards has attracted the attention of many scholars,and the standard alliance is one of the main research topics.Enterprises are the main participants in the formulation of standards,and their differences in technical capabilities and participation goals make the alliance appear heterogeneous.In order to explore the organizational structure characteristics and competition and coop-eration relations of enterprise alliances in the formulation of national standards,this research studies the enterprise alliances in the national standards by using the data of China's information and communication technology industry from the perspec-tive of technological distance and competition and cooperation theory.Firstly,the variation coefficient and cluster analysis are used to classify the technical distance of the alliance,and the alliance is divided into three types:less strong and more weak,strong and weak balance and strong and strong combination.Secondly,Ucinet and Gephi social network analysis soft-ware are used to visually analyze the three types of alliances and compare their differences in network density,network cen-trality,network cluster and other aspects.The results show that the alliance with less strength and more weakness has high network density and network centrality,leading enterprises take the lead in standard formulation,small and medium-sized enterprises follow and learn,and the alliance tends to cooperate;The strong and weak balanced alliance has low network density and high network centrality.It is a small-scale standard alliance organized by several enterprises to compete for the right to set standards,and the alliance tends to cooperate.The strong alliance has high network density and low network cen-trality,which means that multiple enterprises cooperate to make standards,the right of discourse in the alliance is dispersed,and competition and cooperation coexist.Existing studies on the types of standard alliance mainly focus on theoretical analysis,and few empirical analysis are conducted from actual data.Based on China's national standard data,this research explores the organizational structure characteristics of standard alliance from the actual point of view,and distinguishes different alliance types established by enterprises-less strong and more weak,strong and weak balance and strong and strong combination.First,through the classification analysis of the standard alliance,it is helpful to know more about the motivation of alliance formation and help enterprises choose the right alliance members.When the enterprise's goal is to follow the learning,it should choose the large-scale alliance led by the leading enterprise,and when the enterprise's goal is to compete for the dominance of the standard,it should choose the small and medium-sized alliance with its own technical ability.Secondly,the analysis of the network characteristics of each alliance is helpful to understand the network environ-ment of enterprises in different types of alliances from the overall perspective.When the network density is high,enterprises should improve their network centrality as much as possible,so as to enhance the ability of technology standardization.When the network density is small,enterprises should try to occupy the position of structural holes and obtain heterogeneous information from all parties,so as to identify competitive opportunities.Third,the scale of the standard technical committee should be expanded to absorb more experts as much as possible,so as to improve the standard formulation process,reduce opportunism in the process of standard formulation,optimize the structure of the standard alliance,and improve the level of alliance governance.
NETL
NSTL
万方数据
