摘要
《孟子正义》是清代学者焦循探讨人性论和政治思想的代表作.在书中,焦循根据人可以教以仁义的事实,论证人性本善.人性由本于血气形能的欲、情、知共同构成,三者发用中出现的弊端只能依靠知的向学工夫来补救.仁的彰显扩充依靠知的活动,运用知追求"合宜"的生活乃是人道的基础.从历史演进的角度看,人道经历了不断的通变,圣贤所标举的执中时行、注重日用常行和为民造命等原则代表了儒家政治思想的基本方向,对后世具有鲜明的导向作用.
Abstract
Mengzi ZhengYi,which discusses the theory of human nature and political thought,is a representative work of JiaoXun,a scholar in Qing Dynasty.In this book,according to the fact that human beings can be taught to know benevolence and righteousness,Jiao Xun tried to demonstrate that human nature is good.Human nature is composed of desire,emotion and wisdom,which are based on Qi;the defects arisen from the three can only be remedied by the learning effort of mind.The development and expansion of benevolence relies on the work of mind,towards wisdom.Using the power of wisdom to pursue a"proper"life is the basis of humanity.From the perspective of the evolution in human history,we know that humanity has undergone constant changeable practice.The principles set forth by sages and men of virtue,such as"Mean"and timing,paying attention to the daily need of general people and caring for the life of the poor,represent the basic direction of Confucian political thought.JiaoXun's thought was very representative in Qing Dynasty and had positive effect in history.
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