摘要
"儒者柔也"是古人对儒字最经典的注释."柔"的古字是"揉""扰""镬",本义为"驯扰"即教育约束."驯扰"是游牧时代先民驯服动物的经验总结."柔远能迩"体现了远古先民以礼乐教化治国的传统理念."多需"和"多胥"是殷商的礼乐之师,其职能是通过教授诗歌音乐舞蹈来实行教化.他们与周之乐官"大胥""小胥"有传承关系.殷亡周衰,礼乐之师失去俸禄而散落民间,仍以相礼和传授礼乐知识为生.孔子的贡献是通过民间教育,传授《诗》《书》《礼》《乐》等三代经典,使儒者从相礼训俗之师演变为六艺传经之师.儒家至此问世.
Abstract
Chinese character"儒"(Ru)means Confucian."Confucians are gentle"is the most classical comment of ancient scholars on this character.Meanwhile,Chinese character for gentle"柔"(Rou)originally means"Xunrao",or restraint by education.In nomadic times,"Xunrao"referred to the experiences of our ancestors in taming animals."Rou Yuan Neng Er"(To conciliate those in remote areas and pacify those nearby)reflects a traditional way of governance through rites and music education.In the Shang Dynasty,the teachers of rites and music were called"Duoxu",who were responsible for educating people through poetry,music and dance.In the Zhou Dynasty,the music officials were named"Daxu"and"Xiaoxu".Later with the demise of the Shang Dynasty and decline of the Zhou Dynasty,these teachers and officials lost their salaries,but they still made a living by imparting rites and music knowledge.Confucius contributed a lot in teaching common people the classics of poetry,history,rites and music.Later on,Confucians evolved from teachers of rites and customs to teachers of six classics.This was how Confucianism was born.
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