摘要
"无为而治"是儒道两家共同的社会治理目标,具有相近的社会治理价值追求,其特点是强调统治者减少行政干预,最终实现"垂拱而治"的治理效果.两者的区别在于,儒家期待以"德政-德教-德治"的方式治理社会,实现"化成天下"的治理成效,最终达到"无为而治".而儒家"德治"本身,不仅强调君主具有政治德行操守,而且要求君臣率先垂范,推行"德教",又具有有为的一面,难免与"无为"的理想相互矛盾.对于道家而言,"无为"既是目标,又是手段,同时也是一种理想的政治德性."无为而治"所包含的治理智慧,不仅与现代法治的目标不相冲突,而且可以增加现代法治的价值维度.
Abstract
"Governance through inaction"is a common goal in the social governance ideologies of both Confucianism and Daoism,sharing similar values in social governance pursuits.Its characteristic lies in emphasizing rulers reducing administrative interventions,ultimately achieving effective governance under the concept of"governing by doing nothing".However,the difference lies in the fact that Confucianism aspires to govern society through"virtuous governance-virtuous education-virtuous rule,"realizing effective governance leading to"universal harmony",ultimately reaching the state of"governing by doing nothing".Confucian"governance through virtue"not only emphasizes that rulers possess political virtues and moral integrity but also requires rulers and subjects to set an example by promoting"virtuous education".It has its active side,inevitably conflicting with the ideal of"doing nothing".However,for Daoism,"doing nothing"serves as both a goal and a means,as well as an ideal political virtue.The governance wisdom encompassed by"governance through inaction"not only aligns with the goals of modern rule of law but also enhances the value dimensions of modern rule of law.
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