命运:孔子的一个隐性关切——以"与命与仁"及"性与天道"章的诠释为中心
Destiny:A Recessive Concern of Confucius——Focusing on the Chapter about Destiny and Benevolence,the Human Nature and the Way of Heaven
陈晨捷1
作者信息
- 1. 山东大学儒学高等研究院、儒家文明省部共建协同创新中心 济南250100
- 折叠
摘要
作为孔子关注点之一的命运之所以是隐性的,一方面缘于孔子对其未曾明确提及,另一方面则由于后学对于《论语》中之"子罕言利与命与仁"和"夫子之言性与天道,不可得而闻也"二章的误读.事实上,"子罕言利与命与仁"涉及"利"与"命"、"利"与"仁"的关系,即利是否可求、对行"仁"该秉持什么样态度的问题;"夫子之言性与天道,不可得而闻也"则涉及"性"与"天道"或"天命"的关系,即性的来源问题及修身养性与其人生遭遇之间的张力问题,其核心均是对命运的关切.命运是不受人所左右的外在力量,而正因意识到德性修养与人生境遇之间的疏离与落差,儒家才格外强调人的道德自主性并以之作为人生的价值与意义所在.
Abstract
The reasons of why individual destiny as one of the concerns of Confucius was recessive,on the one hand was that Confucius had never mentioned it explicitly,on the other hand was that misreadings of following two chapters.One was the subjects of which the Master seldom spoke were profit,and also the appointments of destiny,and benevolence.The other was what Tsze-kung said,the Master's discourses about human nature and the way of Heaven can't be heard.Exactly,the first sentence refers to the relationship between profit and destiny,profit and benevolence,which theme was about if profit was desirable and if we should adhere to benevolence.The second sentence refers to the relationship between human nature and Heaven or destiny,which theme was about the source of human nature and its life experience.Both of the two sentences were talking about individual destiny.Generally speaking,individual destiny can't be influenced by human power.Because of the realization of the non-correspondence of human nature and its life experience,moral autonomy was paid special attention to by Confucian and was treated as the meaning and value of life.
关键词
《论语》/孔子/命运/命与仁/性与天道Key words
Analects/Confucius/Destiny引用本文复制引用
基金项目
国家社会科学基金一般项目(21BZX057)
出版年
2024
NETL
NSTL
万方数据