清代儒家先贤奉祀型家族的生成与扩张
The Emergence and Expansion of Confucian Ancestral Worship Type Families in the Qing Dynasty
贺晏然1
作者信息
摘要
明清时期儒家先贤奉祀逐渐得到中央朝廷的重视,陆续设置五经博士和奉祀生承担先贤奉祀职责.此前主要集中于山东的先贤奉祀,随着清初奉祀生的大量增置而扩展到山东以外的区域.在此过程中,地方家族通过对奉祀制度规定的祠与谱的构建,重塑先贤后裔身份,形成了一批儒家"奉祀型家族".以江南为代表的这类家族呈现出与以衍圣公府为核心的山东有差的奉祀结构,也造成了背靠衍圣公府的奉祀族裔和地方族支之间多元的竞合关系.考察清代儒家先贤奉祀制度发展过程中"奉祀型家族"的发展过程,有助于理解儒学社会化在清代政治环境中的发展路径,关涉家族、衍圣公府、各级官府和中央朝廷的儒家先贤奉祀的活态也可由此得以呈现.
Abstract
During the Ming and Qing dynasties,the worship of Confucian ancestors gradually gained attention from the central government,and positions such as Doctorate of the Five Classics and Ancestral Worship Officials were established to undertake the responsibilities of ancestral worship.Prior to this,ancestral worship was mainly concentrated in Shandong,but with the significant increase in the number of Ancestral Worship Officials during the early Qing Dynasty,it expanded beyond Shandong to other regions.In this process,local families reshaped the identity of descendants of Confucian ancestors through the construction of ancestral shrines and genealogies prescribed by the ancestral worship system,forming a group of Confucian"ancestral worship type families."Represented by families in Jiangnan districts,these families exhibited a different ancestral worship structure from that centered around the Yansheng Duke's Mansion in Shandong,leading to diverse competitive relationships between the descendants of ancestral worship affiliated with the Yansheng Duke's Mansion and local clan branches.Examining the development of the"ancestral worship type families"in the development process of the ancestral worship system of Confucian ancestors in the Qing Dynasty helps to understand the development path of Confucian socialization in the political environment of the Qing Dynasty.The dynamic of Confucian ancestral worship involving families,the Yansheng Duke's Mansion,various levels of government,and the central government can also be revealed through this analysis.
关键词
儒家奉祀/先贤/奉祀生/奉祀型家族Key words
Confucian Ancestral Worship/Ancestors/Ancestral Worship Officials/Ancestral Worship Type Families引用本文复制引用
基金项目
国家社会科学基金青年项目(20CZS033)
出版年
2024
NETL
NSTL
万方数据