Advances in the diagnosis and prognosis of extranodal extension in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
The extranodal extension(ENE)is widely found in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma(HNSCC),which displays the aggressiveness of the tumor and increasing the risk of local recurrence and distant metastasis,so the ENE often has been used as an important indicator of prognosis and treatment.Although the pathologic and radiologic tests are currently the main diagnostic techniques for ENE,there is still a lack of uniform standards.The article reviews the prognostic value,pathologic and radiologic diagnosis of ENE in HNSCC over the recent years.
extranodal extensionhead and neck neoplasmscarcinoma,squamous celldiagnosisprognosis
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