Volume responsiveness is the core of goal-directed fluid therapy(GDFT),and pulse pressure variation(PPV)reflect changes in stroke volume with breathing,enabling accurate assessment of a patient's volume responsiveness.However,PPV monitoring relies on cardiopulmonary interactions,which are subject to strict conditions.The standard condition of PPV measurement requires the patient to receive mechanical ventilation with a tidal volume not less than 8 ml/kg of predicted body weight(PBW),without spontaneous breathing,low lung compliance,arrhythmia,open chest,intra-abdominal hypertension,or high respiratory rate.When the above conditions could not be fully met,the measured PPV was defined as the PPV in non-standard states.Most clinical scenarios do not meet the standard state of PPV,so how to en-sure the effectiveness of PPV in non-standard states has become a hot topic in clinical research.This article reviews the principle of PPV and the clinical application of PPV in non-standard conditions,to provide a reference for clinical rational use of PPV.
维普
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