Machine learning(ML)technology has been gradually applied in clinical anesthesia,and the application and research in the perioperative period are increasing.ML can warn occurrence of high-risk events,assist the diagnosis of difficult airway and ultrasound imaging in the perioperative period.Intrao-peratively,ML can predict hypotension,hypoxemia,cardiac arrest,and depth of anesthesia to help achieve precise and safe control of anesthesia.Postoperatively,ML can predict anesthesia-related adverse outcomes.This article summarizes the ML models commonly used in the field of anesthesiology,and reviews the rele-vant studies of ML application in all stages of the perioperative period.The application of ML can improve the perioperative anesthesia management,help to warn the occurrence of high-risk events and reduce anes-thesia-related risks.