Objective To discuss the feasibility of implantable tumor treating fields for glioblastoma.Methods A set of finite element method electric field computer simulations were conducted using COMSOL,exploring the influence of parameters such as phase shift,contact setting,electrode quantities and voltage on the distribution of electric field.The influencing factors of the coverage range of electric field on resection cavity boundaries was revealed through optimizing the parameters step by step.Results Adequate setting of phase difference can increase the coverage range under the same voltage,and a double-layer surrounded incremental phase difference setting method was proposed.Taking 5 electrodes with 5 V voltage as an example,different numbers of contact activations were compared to elucidating the advantages of double-layer contact activation and the way of contact selection.The minimum number of electrodes required to make an effective therapeutic electric field of 1 V/cm to cover different sizes of resection cavities and the minimum integer voltage were simulated.3 electrodes with 6 V could cover the boundary of a 2 cm diameter resection cavity,whereas 5 electrodes and a voltage of 10 V were required for resection cavities with a diameter of 5 cm.The reciprocal substitution of the number of electrodes and voltage was explored for a 3.5 cm diameter resection cavity.Conclusions A mid-frequency alternating electric field can be focused near the resection margin by implantable electrodes after brain tumor resection.Optimization of parameters can extend coverage to the resection cavity surface,with field strengths exceeding 1 V/cm,indicating that implantable tumor electric field therapy is a potentially viable treatment option.However,further research is required to assess the safety and miniaturization of the instrumentation,as well as the power supply aspects of this therapeutic approach.
tumor treating fieldselectric field simulationimplantable electrodespost-operative brain tumor resection
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