Objective To explore the clinical characteristics,diagnosis and treatment experience of medullary oblongata teratoma.Methods The clinical data of a patient with medulla oblongata teratoma admitted to Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University in January 2021 were analyzed retrospectively.Its clinical manifestations,imaging features and treatment methods were summarized,and the relevant literature was reviewed.Results The patient underwent a craniotomy via a midline suboccipital approach due to medulla oblongata occupying,and the pathological diagnosis was mature teratoma.No serious complications or other neurological abnormalities occurred after surgery.Postoperative magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)indicated that the tumor was totally resected and the symptoms disappeared.Conclusion Computer tomography,MRI and tumor markers combined with pathology can diagnose medullary teratoma,and surgical resection is the first choice.