Traumatic brain injury(TBI)is a major cause of injury-related death and disability,and its treatment and prognosis evaluation present challenges.The heterogeneity of TBI complicates diagnostic and therapeutic strategies,considering factors such as injury nature,timing,and severity.Several comprehensive guidelines currently guide the entire process of TBI management.However,there are still controversies regarding surgical timing and intervention methods,prognosis accuracy,and imaging checkpoints.Both overly conservative and overly aggressive decisions can impact patients and their families.With the rapid development of biological technologies in recent years,an increasing number of biomolecular markers have proven to be significant in TBI assessment.Current TBI prognosis models provide clinical references,and further integration with biomarkers and other clinical characteristics may enhance predictive accuracy.Future advancements in single-cell genomics,metabolomics,and the establishment of large-scale clinical databases are expected to drive precision medicine in TBI,improving personalized treatment strategies and outcomes.
traumatic brain injurymolecular markerprecision medical careprognostic modeling
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