Proteomic Analysis of Plasma Exosomes from Young Versus Middle-aged People
Objective Exosomes,as cellular messengers circulating in bodily fluid,carry diverse bioactive chemicals.This study aimed to analyze the characteristics and variations in plasma exosomal proteins between young and middle-aged individuals,offering theoretical insights into their role in influencing bodily functions.Methods Peripheral blood samples were collected from young(age:19.33±1.16)and middle-aged(age:50.33±2.52)adults.Plasma exosomes were isolated by differential ultracentrifugation,and characterized via transmission electron microscopy,particle size analysis,and Western blot.Liquid-phase mass spectrometry analysis technology was used to detect and analyze the types and functional differences of plasma exosome proteins between the two age groups.Results The average diameter and protein concentration of plasma exosomes in young men were similar to those in middle-aged men,but the average concentration of exosomes was slightly lower in young men.Plasma exosomes from young men exhibited low CD9 levels,contrary to high CD9 levels observed in middle-aged men.A total of 110 differential proteins were identified in the plasma exosomes of both groups,with 36 proteins upregulated and 74 downregulated in young males compared to middle-aged males.GO functional analysis revealed differences in biological processes,particularly translation elongation,cellular macromolecule biosynthesis,and organic nitrogen compound biosynthesis.Molecular functions focused on translation elongation factors,copper ion binding,and nucleic acid binding.KEGG pathway analysis indicated enrichment in 13 pathways,including antigen processing,presentation,and endocytosis.Among the 21 proteins specific to young men's plasma exosomes,Drebrin-like protein(DBNL)displayed functions related to both the nervous system and the immune system.Conclusion No differences have been noted in the morphology,size,and concentration of plasma exosomes between young and middle-aged men,but there are significant differences in their surface markers and intronic proteins.
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