Respiratory distress syndrome(RDS)often strike premature infants,and its pathogenesis is mainly related to Th1/Th2 cytokine imbalance,especially the predominant Th1 cytokine.However,the specific mechanism of Th1/Th2 cyto-kine imbalance participating in the occurrence and development of RDS has not yet been well understood.Clarifying the patho-genesis of RDS and taking reasonable and effective treatment measures is the key to reducing the mortality of premature chil-dren with RDS.Therefore,by referring to relevant research data at home and abroad,this study focused on the expression of Th1/Th2 cytokines in premature children with RDS and its mechanism of action,in order to provide new ideas for the treat-ment of this disease.