Objective To analyze clinical features,diagnosis and differential diagnosis,causes of misdiagnosis and preventive measures of prostate tuberculosis(PTB)and prostate cancer(PCa).Methods The clinical data of 2 patients with PTB and 1 patient with PCa diagnosed with misdiagnosis from January 2019 to January 2024 were retrospectively analyzed.Results All three patients presented with typical lower urinary tract symptoms,such as dysuria,urine waiting,fine or bifurcated urine flow,frequent and urgent urination.According to the clinical manifestations and relevant medical and technical examination,2 patients were misdiagnosed with PCa and 1 with PTB.In 2 patients misdiagnosed with PCa.the re-sults of transrectal prostate biopsy indicated that the final diagnosis was PTB,of whom 1 patient received regular anti-tubercu-losis therapy in another hospital,and 1 patient declined further treatment.One patient misdiagnosed as PTB was confirmed as having PCa by pathological examination after transurethral resection of the prostate,and no signs of tumor biochemical recur-rence were found after postoperative follow-up.Conclusion The clinical manifestations of PTB and PCa are similar and can be misdiagnosed.PTB is relatively rare in clinical practice,and its clinical manifestations have no obvious specificity,which,therefore,is more likely to be misdiagnosed.Clinicians should be vigilant of the presence of PTB to prevent delayed treatment.