Objective To investigate the effects of transvaginal estrogen administration on endometrial receptivity and microenvironment in the treatment of premature ovarian failure(POF).Methods Ninety patients with POF admitted from January 2020 to January 2023 were divided into observation group(treated with estrogen via vaginal route,n=45)and control group(treated with oral estrogen,n=45)by random number table method,and were treated for 3 consecutive courses.The clinical efficacy and adverse reactions of the two groups were observed,and the levels of luteinizing hormone(LH),follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH),estradiol,progesterone,endometrial thickness(ET),as well as spiral artery pulse index and resistance index of the two groups were recorded before and after treatment.The levels of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF),interleukin-1β(IL-1β)and transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1)in the two groups were measured before and after treatment.Results The total effective rate of observation group and control group were 93.33%and 77.78%respec-tively,and the incidence of total adverse reactions were 8.89%and 26.67%,respectively,with statistical significance be-tween the two groups(P＜0.05).After treatment,the levels of FSH and LH in the two groups were significantly decreased,while estradiol and progesterone were significantly increased(P＜0.05).After treatment,FSH and LH were lower while es-tradiol was higher in observation group than in the control group(P＜0.01).After treatment,ET in the two groups was sig-nificantly increased,while pulse index and resistance index were significantly decreased(P＜0.05).After treatment,ET in observation group was higher than that in control group,while PI and resistance index were lower than that in control group(P＜0.01).VEGF,IL-1β and TGF-β1 in both groups increased significantly after treatment,which were higher in the ob-servation group than in the control group(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).Conclusion Transvaginal estrogen administration in the treatment of POF is effective,which can effectively improve the level of sex hormones,endometrial receptivity and related se-rological indicators,thereby regulating the microenvironment,with fewer adverse reactions and good safety.
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