Recent results of randomized clinical trials(RCT)pose a challenge to the pathophysiology of heart failure(HF).The positive impact of sodium-glucose co-transporter 2(SGLT-2)inhibitors on HF offers new in-sight into HF beyond the understanding of neurohormonal mechanisms.Based on current evidence from RCTs and basic researches,in this article,we will explore the role of immunometabolic inflammation and dysfunction of the myocardial cell signaling pathway in the pathogenesis of HF,which would provide a new targeted therapy for HF.
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