The gut microbiota is a complex and dynamic ecosystem containing trillions of microorganisms that produce bioactive metabolites that affect host health and disease development.In recent years,a large number of studies have proved that the intestinal microbiota and its derived metabolites affect the occurrence and develop-ment of cardiovascular diseases,including arrhythmia,and atrial fibrillation.This review describes the association of atrial fibrillation with the gut microbiota and its metabolites.
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