Atrial fibrillation(AF)is a common arrhythmia characterized by high morbidity and mortality,and has become a worldwide public health problem.Atrial structural remodeling is a key mechanism for the occur-rence and development of AF.heat shock protein(HSP)is a molecular chaperone protein made up of a large fami-ly of proteins that are involved in protecting the body from various forms of cellular stress,and their classic func-tion is to prevent toxic protein aggregation by binding partially folded proteins.HSP plays an important protective role in the occurrence and progression of AF.By preventing atrial remodeling,HSP can prevent the occurrence of AF and prevent the recurrence and progression of AF.In recent years,HSP-inducing compounds such as gera-nylgeranylacetone(GGA)and L-glutamine have received extensive attention.In this review,we discuss the protec-tive role of HSP in the structural remodeling of AF,and outline the research progress of HSP-inducing compounds as emerging therapeutic agents for AF,with a view to providing new ideas for the prevention and treatment of AF.