Objective To analyze the application value of air and pure oxygen resuscitation in neonatal asphyxia.Methods Sixty asphyxiated neonates admitted in our hospital from January 2021 to June 2022 were enrolled in the study.The neonates were divided into air group(30 cases,air resuscitation program)and pure oxygen group(30 cases,pure oxygen resuscitation program)by resuscitation program.The application value of two resuscitation programs were compared.Results At 5,10 and 15 min after birth,the Apgar score of the air group was significantly higher than that of the pure oxygen group(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in heart rate at 5 min after delivery between the two groups(P>0.05);the establishment time of spontaneous breathing and the first crying time in the air group were significantly shorter than those in the pure oxygen group,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).After treatment,the pulsatility index(PI)of the air group was significantly higher than that of the pure oxygen group,and the resistance index(RI)and systolic blood pressure/diastolic blood pressure(S/D)were significantly lower than those of the pure oxygen group,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).After treatment,the arterial partial pressure of oxygen(PaO2)and oxygen saturation of blood(SaO2)in the air group were significantly higher than those in the pure oxygen group,and the arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide(PaCO2),human high mobility group box-1(HMGB-1)and soluble triggering receptor expresseson myeloid cells-1(sTREM-1)were significantly lower than those in the pure oxygen group,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion In the resuscitation program of neonatal asphyxia,air resuscitation has better application value than pure oxygen resuscitation,and clinical application is advocated.