Analysis of clinical characteristics of early-onset high myopia in young children
Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics of early-onset high myopia(eoHM)in young children and provide guidance for clinical diagnosis and treatment.Methods The children with eoHM diagnosed by cycloplegic retinoscopy for the first time[any spherical equivalent(SE)≤-6.00 D]were included.The results of eye position,slit lamp,color fundus photography and eye biometric measurements were statistically analyzed.Results The clinical data of 10 children with eoHM were collected,including 7 males and 3 females;the initial diagnosis age was 35-60 months,with an average of(47.70±8.53)months.Among the 10 children(20 eyes),SE≤-6.00 D was found in 12 eyes.Four cases of monocular myopia,4 cases of symmetrical myopia in both eyes and 2 cases of asymmetric myopia in both eyes.There were 8 cases of anisometropia,including 6 cases of severe anisometropia.SE≤-6.00 D was found in 12 eyes,and the uncorrected visual acuity and best corrected visual acuity were low at the initial diagnosis.Seven cases(14 eyes)completed eye biometric measurements,including 9 eyes with high myopia,with an average SE of(-8.19±2.99)D,with an average axial length(AL)of(25.28±0.92)mm,with an average mean keratometry(Km)of(44.38±1.03)D,and the average AL/corneal radii(CR)was(3.32±0.17).SE was significantly negatively correlated with AL and AL/CR(P<0.05),but not significantly correlated with Km(P=0.132).Two cases of monocular high myopia with retinal myelinated nerve fibers;one case of high myopia with cataract and vitreous opacity;one case of retinal pigment degeneration in both eyes;one case of bilateral complications including morning glory syndrome and nystagmus;three cases of concomitant strabismus.Conclusion eoHM is characterized by axial myopia and anisometropia,which has a significant impact on visual acuity and is prone to congenital abnormalities such as retinopathy.Paying attention to early screening,diagnosis and treatment of children with eoHM is conducive to improving visual function and effective prevention and treatment of amblyopia.
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