2021-2022年石家庄市婴幼儿游泳场所微生物污染状况及与其他公共场所的比较
Microbial contamination status of swimming places for infants and young children in Shijia-zhuang City and comparison with other public places,2021-2022
曾芳婷 1曲玥 1陈凤格 1马辉 2杨军2
作者信息
- 1. 石家庄市疾病预防控制中心环境卫生所,河北 石家庄 050011;华北理工大学公共卫生学院,河北 唐山 063210
- 2. 石家庄市疾病预防控制中心环境卫生所,河北 石家庄 050011
- 折叠
摘要
[背景]目前,我国 7类 28种公共场所已纳入《公共场所卫生管理条例》,但婴幼儿游泳场所尚无国家卫生标准,且未纳入规范管理条例.[目的]了解石家庄市婴幼儿游泳场所环境中微生物污染情况,并与其他 5类公共场所微生物污染情况进行比较,发现婴幼儿游泳场所存在的安全隐患.[方法]2021-2022年共抽取石家庄市婴幼儿游泳场所和 5类公共场所(宾馆、理发店、候车室、商场超市、普通游泳场所)环境中微生物样品 3438份.根据GB/T 18204.6-2013《公共场所卫生检验方法第 6部分:卫生监测技术规范》要求进行采样与监测.微生物指标合格率的比较采用χ2 检验,公共用品用具物体表面细菌总数总体分布情况采用非参数检验的Kruskal-Wallis H 检验.[结果]2021-2022年石家庄市婴幼儿游泳场所、宾馆(酒店)、理发店、候车室、商场超市公共用品用具物体表面微生物指标检出结果表明,金黄色葡萄球菌检测合格率最高,为100.00%;大肠菌群检测合格率为 99.44%;而细菌总数检测合格率较低,为 92.83%.婴幼儿游泳场所公共用品用具物体表面细菌总数合格率为 87.76%,宾馆(酒店)、理发店、候车室、商场超市公共用品用具物体表面细菌总数合格率均在 92%以上,5类场所物体表面细菌总数合格率的比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.001).婴幼儿游泳场所公共用品用具物体表面细菌总数检出最高数值达 80000 CFU·(25 cm2)-1[100 CFU·(25 cm2)-1=4 CFU·cm-2,编者注];宾馆(漱口杯除外)、理发店、候车室、商场超市 4类场所公共用品用具物体表面细菌总数检出最高值为 2500 CFU·(25 cm2)-1;婴幼儿游泳场所与宾馆(漱口杯除外)、理发店公共用品用具物体表面细菌总数存在差异(H=5.432,H=2.997,均P<0.05),而与候车室、商场超市间的差异没有统计学意义(P>0.05).婴幼儿游泳场所池水中细菌总数与大肠菌群合格率分别为 45.99%和74.69%,普通游泳场所池水中细菌总数、大肠菌群合格率分别为 94.57%和 98.91%;婴幼儿游泳场所、普通游泳场所池水中细菌总数和大肠菌群合格率的比较差异均有统计学意义(χ2= 162.532,χ2=71.910,均P<0.001).[结论]相较于普通游泳场所、宾馆(酒店)、理发店、候车室、商场超市的卫生状况,石家庄市婴幼儿游泳场所卫生状况不容乐观,亟须制定婴幼儿游泳场所国家卫生标准,并将其纳入规范管理,以进一步改善婴幼儿游泳场所卫生现状.
Abstract
[Background]At present,China's Public places health management regulations list 7 categories and 28 sub-categories of public places,but infant and young child swimming places are not in the list yet.[Objective]To understand the microbial pollution status in commercial infant and young child swimming places in Shijiazhuang City,compare with the microbial pollution in other five types of public places,and find the potential safety hazards in infant and young child swimming places.[Methods]A total of 3438 microbial samples were collected from the environment of infant and young child swimming places and 5 types of public places(hotels,barber stores,waiting rooms,shopping malls and supermarkets,and conventional swimming places)in Shijiazhuang City from 2021 to 2022.Sampling and monitoring were carried out according to the requirements of Examination methods for public places—Part 6:Technical specifications of health monitoring(GB/T 18204.6-2013).Chi-square test was used to compare hygiene qualification by microbial indicators,and Kruskal-Wallis H test was used to compare overall distributions of total bacterial counts on the surface of public articles.[Results]From 2021 to 2022,the highest qualified rate of microbial indicators on the surface of public articles was Staphylococcus aureus(100％)for all tested public places in Shijiazhuang City,followed by coliforms(99.44％),and that of total bacterial count was relative low(92.83％).The qualified rate of total bacterial count on the surface of public articles in the swimming places for infants and young children was 87.76％,and the qualified rates in hotels,barber stores,waiting rooms,shopping malls and supermarkets were all above 92％,and the difference among the 5 types of places was statistically significant(P<0.001).The highest value of total bacterial count on the surface of public articles in the swimming places for infants and young children was 80000 CFU·(25 cm2)-1[100 CFU·(25 cm2)-1=4 CFU·cm-2];that in 4 types of public places such as hotels(except mouthwash cups),barber stores,waiting rooms,and shopping malls or supermarkets was 2500 CFU·(25 cm2)-1.The difference of total bacteria count on the surface of public articles was statistically significant in comparing infant and young child swimming places with hotels(except mouthwash cups)or barber stores(H=5.432,H=2.997,both Ps<0.05);but the difference was not significant in comparing with waiting rooms and shopping malls or supermarkets(P>0.05).The qualified rates of total bacteria count and coliforms in pool water of infant and young child swimming places were 45.99％and 74.69％respectively,and the two indicators in pool water of conventional swimming places were 94.57％and 98.91％respectively;both showed significant differ-ences between the two types of public places(χ2=162.532,χ2=71.910,both Ps<0.001).[Conclusion]Compared to conventional swimming places,hotels,barber stores,waiting rooms,and shopping malls or supermarkets,the infant and young child swimming places are not optimistic in hygiene condition;therefore,there is an urgent need to formulate national health standards for infants and young child swimming places,and include them in standard management to further improve their hygiene condition.
关键词
婴幼儿/微生物污染/公共场所/公共用品用具/卫生标准Key words
infant and young child/microbial contamination/public place/public article/hygiene standard引用本文复制引用
基金项目
河北省医学科学研究重点课题项目(20191492)
出版年
2024
国家科技期刊平台
NSTL
万方数据