Work and lifestyle influencing factors for thyroid cancer among young and middle-aged patients with thyroid nodules
[Background]The number of persons with thyroid nodules has increased rapidly in recent years,and thyroid cancer caused by malignant nodules has become a key problem endangering the health of young and middle-aged groups in China.[Objective]To explore work and lifestyle influencing factors for developing thyroid cancer among young and middle-aged patients with thyroid nodules.[Methods]The subjects with thyroid nodules were reported by routine physical examines ordered at the Huadong Sanatorium.We conducted a 1∶4 matched case-control study in which 232 pa-tients diagnosed with thyroid cancer from 2012 to 2022 were matched to 928 controls by gender and age(±5 years).A validated questionnaire was used to collect data on work and lifestyle be-haviors.Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were applied to explore potential relationships between selected factors(including environment,working hours,stress,diet,exer-cise,and mental health)and thyroid cancer.Spearman rank correlation was used to analyze the correlations between variables.[Results]The results of univariate logistic regression showed a history of thyroid cancer reported among first-degree relatives(OR=6.059,95%CI:1.007,36.473),obesity(OR=1.973,95%CI:1.296,3.004),noise and vibration exposure(OR=1.988,95%CI:1.143,3.456),frequent stress(OR=2.093,95%CI:1.231,3.559),frequent depression(OR=2.034,95%CI:1.048,3.947),frequent anger(OR=1.791,95%CI:1.066,3.012),frequent fried food diet(OR=1.535,95%CI:1.026,2.297),and frequent fast food diet(OR=1.836,95%CI:1.048,3.215)were risk factors for reporting thyroid cancer developing from thyroid nodules,while regular meals(OR=0.245,95%CI:0.061,0.989)and frequent exercise(OR=0.571,95%CI:0.342,0.952)were protective factors for reporting no thyroid cancer.The results of Spearman correlation analysis showed that body mass index was positively correlated with frequent fried food,fast food,and sugary beverage diets(r=0.123,0.083,0.077,P<0.01),and negatively correlated with frequent depression and anger(r=-0.090,-0.070,P<0.05).The results of multiple logistic regression found that a history of thyroid cancer reported among first-degree relatives(OR=6.712,95%CI:1.071,42.066),obesity(OR=2.032,95%CI:1.321,3.125),noise and vibration exposure(OR=1.991,95%CI:1.089,3.637),and frequent stress(OR=2.468,95%CI:1.417,4.300)were associated with an elevated risk of reporting thyroid cancer developing from thyroid nodules patients.Regular exercise(frequency≥3 times·week-1,>30 min per episode)(OR=0.516,95%CI:0.300,0.890)was associated with a lowered risk of reporting thyroid cancer.[Conclusions]Multiple risk factors associated with reporting thyroid cancer among young and middle-aged groups with thyroid nodules are identified,such as obesity,noise and vibration exposure,frequent stress,and lack of exercise.
young and middle-agedthyroid nodulethyroid cancerworklifestylenoisevibration
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