The National Harm from the Perspective of Legalism:An Investigation of the"lice"in the Book of Lord Shang
The Book of Lord Shang extends on how'lice'can be understood as something parasitic and harmful at a national level,attributing this unique connotation of parasitic and harmful to the people or the country.In this context,'lice'refers specifically to those found among three professions-agri-culture,business,and government officials-as well as those associated with Li-Yue.The former represents distinct categories within these professions where-as the latter pertains more broadly to political ideas like agricultural war achievements;both are collectively known as"six louse".However,it should be noted that while'six louse'maintains its original meaning in one case,it borrows its name for another purpose.It is worth mentioning that al-though Han Feizi's term'Wu Du'bears similarities with'six lice',their re-spective contents differ significantly due to evolving ideologies within Legalism.
the Book of Lord ShangNational HarmSix louseLi Yue
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