The literary close attendant:the function role and the changed power of the grand secretary before the Qing Dynasty marched into Shanhaiguan
The cabinet of the Qing Dynasty can be traced back to the Wen Guan.As early as the Nurhachi period,there was a group of Manchurians with high cultural quality around the Khan.Huang Taiji organ-ized them by assigning them to work in different batches.They were in charge of translating ancient books and recording national history.In the middle and late period of Tiancong reign,with the concentrated power of Khan and the establishment of the monarch's authority,the officials of Wen Guan turned to be respon-sible for the daily practical work of announcing orders,providing advice and handling affairs.During the reign of Chongde period,the Qing Dynasty began to set up the Inner Three Courts.The grand secretaries obviously enhanced their position and influence in the national political life.However,they were still Con-fucian ministers from their duties.In a word,the grand secretaries had always played a dual political role of Confucian officials and close attendants which was their basic feature.
the grand secretaryconfucian officialclose attendantdual role
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