明代乡饮酒礼的"异化"——以宾客"冒滥"为中心
The"alienation"of drinking rites in the Ming Dynasty's rural areas——Centered around guests"abuse"
张会会 1查思扬1
作者信息
- 1. 辽宁师范大学 历史文化学院,辽宁 大连 116081
- 折叠
摘要
明代中后期,乡饮酒礼出现了异化,"宾客冒滥"便是其中最突出的表现.显宦、生员、捐纳义官以及父祖封赠官滥入乡饮酒礼,造成了"齿德俱隆者反摈之不礼"和"月旦推重者多耻之不赴"的乡饮滥觞现象.而出现这种现象的重要原因在于明代士人推举乡宾时价值观的偏离.受到科举文化的影响,官僚群体追求科举功名的价值理念传达到下层社会,"序爵""以子贵""捐纳得官而尚财货"的选贤价值观便直接影响了学校和士人对乡饮礼宾的选举,造成了乡饮酒礼的"宾客冒滥".明代国家通过改革制度,强化行政监督的方式试图扭转乡饮酒礼的没落.地方士人也以"拒赴乡饮""重申选宾标准""组建耆老会"等方式期望能厘正偏离的价值观以让乡饮酒礼重新发挥崇德尊老、宾兴贤能的教化作用.
Abstract
In the mid to late Ming Dynasty,there was a alienation of drinking etiquette in rural areas,with"excessive guest behavior"being the most prominent manifestation.The drinking ceremony for high-rank-ing officials,family members,donating officials and ancestors bestowing gifts on officials to enter the township has led to the occurrence of the phenomenon of"disrespect for those who have both good teeth and virtues"and"shame for those who have been promoted on the lunar day".Influenced by the imperial examination culture,resulting in the"guest abuse"of rural drinking etiquette the Ming Dynasty hoped to reverse the decline of drinking etiquette in rural areas by reforming the system and strengthening adminis-trative supervision.Local scholars also hoped to correct the deviated values through methods such as"refu-sing to drink in the countryside","reiterating the standards for selecting virtuous individuals",and"forming the Elderly Association",so that the township drinking ceremony can play a role in promoting morality,respecting the elderly and promoting virtuous individuals.
关键词
明代/乡饮酒礼/宾客冒滥Key words
Ming Dynasty/township drinking ceremony/guest abuse引用本文复制引用
基金项目
国家社会科学基金后期资助项目(21FZSB062)
出版年
2024
NETL
NSTL
万方数据