The Introduction of the Frankish Gun and the Innovation of Tactics in the Late Ming Army
The Frankish gun(Breech-loader)was the earliest introduced and most equipped European me-dium firearm in the late Ming Dynasty.It was widely used in fortress defence,field and naval warfare,and gave rise to many new tactics with Chinese characteristics,promoting the tactical innovation of the late Ming army.In fortification,the Frankish guns were used to strengthen the defence at the city gates,and could be placed in fortified bastions,or deployed between battlements,and also equipped on the fortified towers of the Great wall.In field battles,The Frankish guns were the main weapons of the Ming battlewagons,and were also used to accurately shoot enemy generals.In naval battles,The Frankish guns were used both to consistently kill the crews of enemy ships and to directly destroy enemy war-ships,as well as to support firefighting tactics.A series of tactics using The Frankish guns during the Late Ming period were relevant to the actual situation in China,and were more complex and varied than those in Europe.These tactics were an important part of the military changes in China during the Late Ming period,and reflected China's openness and ability to innovate in the field of military technology during the Late Ming period.
The Frankish GunFortress DefencesWagenburgNaval BattlesLate Ming Dynasty
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