Optimization of Preparation Process and Composition Analysis of Crucian Carp Seed Phospholipids
Crucian carp seeds are rich in proteins,unsaturated fatty acids,amino acids,phospholipids,and other substances that the human body needs.However,as a by-product of crucian carp processing,crucian carp seeds have not been fully utilized,resulting in resource waste.Using crucian carp seeds as raw materials,ultrasonic assisted ethanol extraction method was used to extract phospholipids.The effects of four factors:solid-liquid ratio,extraction time,extraction temperature,and ethanol concentration on the extraction rate of phospholipids were investigated.The process conditions were optimized through orthogonal experiments,and the composition of phospholipids was analyzed.The results showed that the optimal preparation process conditions for crucian carp seed phospholipids were solid-liquid ratio of 1 ∶ 10,extraction time of 50 minutes,extraction temperature of 55℃,and ethanol concentration of 95%.Under these conditions,the purity of phospholipids was measured to be 64.81%,and the extraction rate of phospholipids was 13.233%.According to nuclear magnetic resonance analysis,the phospholipids in crucian carp seeds mainly contain five components,namely phosphatidylcholine(PC),serine phosphatidylserine(PS),phosphatidylinositol(PI),sphingomyelin(SM),and phosphatidyl ethanolamine(PE),with PC having the highest content(74.73%).
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