In recent years,with the rapid development of the food industry and the improvement of consumer requirements for food safety,microbial detection technology has ushered in significant innovation and challenges.This paper aims to discuss the innovative progress of food microbial detection technology and the challenges in practical application,sort out the detection needs of food microbial contamination and the development trend of technology,analyze the innovative application and advantages and disadvantages of various detection technologies,and summarize the bottlenecks in the application of current technologies.