Objective To analyze the occurrence of second primary malignancies(SPM)in patients with glioma and identify their risk factors.Methods Cases of glioma patients diagnosed from January 2000 to December 2021 were collected from the Surveillance,Epidemiology,and End Results(SEER)database.A retrospective analysis was performed on patients'demographic char-acteristics,clinical features,and SPM occurrence,using univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis to identify risk factors.Results A total of 87,889 glioma patients were screened from the SEER database,with 1,043 developing SPM.The median overall survival(OS)for patients with SPM was 105.0 months.The most common sites for SPMs were the breast(34.08％),lung and bronchi(11.27％),and thyroid(10.99％).Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that age(≥65 years:HR=3.047,95％CI:2.570～3.613,P＜0.001),pathology(glioblastoma:HR=2.091,95％CI:1.793～2.438,P＜0.001),and radiotherapy(HR=1.489,95％CI:1.276～1.736,P＜0.001)were independent risk factors for the occurrence of SPM.Conclusion Breast,lung and bronchi,and thyroid are the most common sites of SPM in glioma patients.Age,patholo-gy,and radiotherapy are significant risk factors for SPM occurrence.Identifying these risk factors can guide personalized follow-up and screening for SPM in glioma patients.
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