Using microbial fermentation to produce erythritol is one of the hotspots of studies in the modern fermentation engineering. Strain used in this method is high penetration-resistant yeast. Currently, scholars focus on basic metabolism to iden-tify key enzyme in synthesis pathway, eager to fundamentally improve erythritol production. Synthetic route of erythritol and regu-lating mechanism of key enzyme in the routewere summarized systematically.