For solving problems of complicated structure and expensive of near infrared detector for grain composition , eight-wavelength portable near infrared detector for grain composition was designed , which taken a light emitting diode as light source and PbS type photosensitive resistance as detector. Experiment results showed that optical system of instrument stable oper-ation. It had high precision, and true value and predictive value of protein content had high correlation. Instrument could be used for rapid on-line detection of protein, starch, fat and other ingredients of grain. It had advantages of simple structure, small vol-ume, convenient operation, and low cost. Instrument is suitable for application of grain of acquisition, processing and circula-tion, ect.