摘要
[目的]矿业开采导致的受损生态系统因分布范围广、环境污染重、生态功能受损,严重威胁环境质量、生态安全和人民健康.在"双碳"目标背景下,矿区受损生态系统的修复是现阶段我国生态保护与修复的重点和难点之一.[方法]采用文献计量方法,针对 2010-2022年间发表的 914篇矿区生态修复相关文献进行分析,从矿区受损生态系统评价、生态修复技术、碳源/汇潜力及监测技术四个方面对矿区生态修复领域的研究进展进行了系统综述.[结果]矿区受损生态系统修复由"工程修复为主"向"系统生态修复,"由"条块化、分裂式"向"区域综合受损生态系统"转变;矿区碳源/汇与区域环境的碳循环机制研究逐渐深入;遥感等新兴技术手段的应用推动矿区修复监测评价体系的发展革新;法律法规和系统管控理念的完善、多学科的融合发展、"三生空间"的权衡博弈共同影响着退化矿区的修复效益.[结论]本研究明晰了当前矿区受损生态系统修复与碳汇潜力研究和应用的困境与挑战,展望后续研究的方向与可能,为未来矿区生态修复治理及监测评估提供参考.
Abstract
[Objective]Mining activities have a detrimental impact on the environment,both in China and globally,leading to pollution,ecosystem damage,and risks to human health.The restoration and remedi-ation of damaged ecosystems in mining areas present significant challenges,particularly in the context of China's commitment to carbon neutrality.[Method]This study analyzed 914 literature published between 2010 and 2022,focusing on four key aspects of ecological restoration in mining areas:evaluation of dam-aged ecosystems,ecological restoration technology,carbon source/sink potential,and monitoring techno-logy.[Result]There had been a shift in the approach to restore damaged ecosystems in mining areas.Earlier emphasis on"engineering restoration"had given way to a more holistic approach known as"sys-tem ecological restoration".There was a transition from solely addressing fragmented and isolated areas to considering the restoration of the entire regional ecosystem.Additionally,study on the carbon source/sink in mining areas and the carbon cycle mechanisms of the regional environment is progressing.The applica-tion of big data technologies,such as remote sensing,played a significant role in advancing monitoring and evaluation systems for mining rehabilitation.The effectiveness of restoration efforts in degraded min-ing areas was influenced by various factors including improvements in laws and regulations,system con-trol systems,multi-disciplinary integration,and striking a balance between production and living ecology.[Conclusion]This study clarifies the current dilemmas and challenges in the research and application of damaged ecosystem restoration and carbon sequestration potential in mining areas and provides refer-ence for future ecological restoration management and monitoring and evaluation in mining areas.
国家科技期刊平台
NSTL
万方数据