Somatic Embryogenesis and Plant Regeneration in Olive
[Objective]A somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration system for the'Koroneiki'variety of olive was established using olive seed embryos as explants.The objective of this study I was to establish a foundation for efficient breeding and genetic transformation of olive plants.[Methods]The embryogenic callus induction medium,somatic embryo induction medium,maturation medium,budding medium,and plant growth medium were inoculated with olive seed embryos and tissue culture materials at different de-velopmental stages to induce somatic embryo and plant regeneration.The rates of callus induction,somat-ic embryo induction,and seedling formation from somatic embryos were then calculated.[Results]In the OM medium supplemented with 0.5 mg·L-1 2-iP and 5 mg·L-1 IBA,embryo explants of'Koroneiki'induced embryogenic callus with a callus induction rate of 98.72％.The callus was subsequently isolated and trans-ferred to OM medium supplemented with 0.5 mg·L-1 IBA,resulting in the successful induction of somatic embryos with an induction rate of 8.50％.The somatic embryos progressed through stages including glob-ular,heart-shaped,torpedo,and cotyledon embryos during their development.The use of proliferation me-dium significantly increased the number of embryos,with 2.06 times that of somatic embryos induced by the normal medium.After transferring mature cotyledon embryos to budding and plant growth media,re-generated olive seedlings were successfully cultivated,with a seedling formation rate of 80.73％.The re-generated seedlings were transplanted to the greenhouse and exhibited stable survival after 2 months.[Conclusion]In this study,an indirect somatic embryogenesis system for'Koroneiki',the main olive variety in China,has been successfully established.The results obtained provide a solid theoretical and technical foundation for the commercial production,as well as the biomolecular design and breeding,of olive seed-lings.
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