摘要
针对近 30 年澳大利亚森林资源变化与森林大火发生情况,收集了世界粮农组织(FAO)、全球野火信息系统(GWIS)、美国国家航空航天局(NASA)等有关森林火灾权威机构的原始数据,并进行了统计分析.重点对森林大火发生的原因、产生的影响及对中国的启示三个方面进行了综合概述.得出了以下主要结论:火因的自然因素为气候干热、桉树林分组成、雷击火频繁等;火因的政治体制因素为联邦制管理松散、近自然思想的森林管理理念、财政投入不足等;火因的历史社会因素为烧荒及林中居住等;火因的人为因素为主观纵火等.森林火灾主要影响为大面积森林损失及大量碳排放和对人类赖以生存的生态环境的破坏.对中国的主要启示为在应急机制、经费保障、科技手段、传统经验等方面加强提高.
Abstract
On the basis of the status of Australian forest resources changes and the occurrences of forest fires in the past 30 years,researchers have collected the characteristic data from the World Food and Agriculture Organization(FAO),the Global Wildfire Information System(GWIS),the National Aeronautics and Space Administration(NASA)and other relevant authorities.Researchers have analyzed the date,and have illustrated the reasons,influences,inspirations of the forest fires.Ignition factors caused by natural are dry and hot climate,combustible forest,lightning fires.Ignition factors caused by politics are incompact federalism,insufficient finance,noninterference theories of forest management.Ignition factors caused by history are moorburring and residing in the forest.The influences are vast forest lost and massive carbon emissions which damaged the environment that human beings depend on.The inspirations for China are strengthening emergency reacting system,ability of finance supply,innovations in scientific and technological means,inheritance of traditional experience.
维普
万方数据