The Function of Reference Modulation of"De"in Modern Chinese
"De"has the function of reference modulation,which refers to the modulation of giveness of the referent.In the modifier-head structure,"de"in"N1 de N2"increases the possessive sense be-tween N1 and N2.When"de"is inserted into the"VN"structure,it can change the verb-object rela-tionship within"VN"into a modifier-head relationship."De"in"Adj.de N"can enhance the referential identifiability of the adjective before it."De"can also increase the referential identifiability of the target constituents after it,specifically demonstrated in the structure"N de V".In the non-modifier-head structure,the reference modulation of"de"is related to the contrastive focus.The role of"de"in refer-ence modulation can produce special pragmatic effects.The essence of the reference modulation by"de"is"grounding".
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