On the Multi-party Implementation of Threat and Error Management in Civil Aviation Systems
Under the framework of Competency Based Training(CBTA),flight crews have developed a mindset of using Threat and Error Management(TEM)to effectively monitor and respond to operational risks and significantly improve flight safety margins.However,when using TEM,we must always adhere to the principle of user centeredness.This is because different user groups(such as frontline personnel,middle management,senior management and professionals involved in different fields such as flight operations,maintenance and air traffic control)have their own unique needs and concerns when using TEM.Therefore,we need to make necessary fine adjustments of relevant definitions based on different characteristics of the user group,to ensure that the application of TEM can be more practical and effective.