Effect of Long-term Fertilization on Wheat Yield and Nutrient Content of Loessial Soil on Loess Plateau
To investigate the response of wheat yield and soil nutrient related to long-term fertilization under continuous monoculture condition in loessial soil on loess plateau,the effects of long-term fertilization on wheat yield and soil nutrient content were studied on the basis of 29 years(1981-2010) experiments at Tianshui city of Gansu province.The results showed that application of both manure and chemical fertilizers could markedly increase grain yield of winter wheat,and the mean yield was enhanced by 32.9％,74.1％,78.5％,42.2％,73.3％,89.5％ and 90.3％,respectively,with the N,NP,NPK,M,MN,MNP and MNPK treatments during 25 years,compared to control(CK) treatment.The contribution rates of fertilizer of 7 treatments were 24.8％,42.6％,44.0％,29.7％,42.3％,47.2％and 47.4％,respectively.The average field efficiency was 5.8 g · kg 1 for nitrogen,22.9 g · kg-1 for phosphorus and 1.6 g · kg-1 for potassium,with and without manure treatments.Soil organic carbon content in 0～20 cm top soil was significantly increased with the consecutive inputting of organic fertilizer in 29 years.Single or balanced application of chemical fertilizers could markedly increase soil organic carbon content,compared to control(CK) treatment.Yet balanced application of chemical fertilizers(NP and NPK) had better effects.Application of nitrogen fertilizer and organic fertilizer significantly increased soil total nitrogen and available nitrogen content,and application of phosphate fertilizer and organic fertilizer significantly improved the soil total phosphorus and available phosphorus content.However,long-term application of potassium fertilizer and organic fertilizer had no obvious effect on soil total potassium content,but significantly increased the soil available potassium content.
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