Effect of Different Water and Nitrogen Levels on Starch Synthesis Enzyme Activity in Wheat Grains during Grain Filling Stage and Wheat Yield
Under the treatments with three levels of irrigation(W0,W1 and W2) and four levels of nitrogen fertilizer(N0,N1,N2 and N3),a winter wheat cultivar Aikang 58 was planted in the field to investigate the effect of different water and nitrogen treatments on sucrose metabolism,starch content and the starch synthesis enzyme activities during the wheat grain filling stage and wheat yield.Results showed that water stress accelerated the sucrose accumulation rate,shortened wheat grain filling process and accelerated wheat maturity,while it decreased the activities of adenosine diphosphoglucose pyrophosphprylase(ADPG-PPase),soluble starch synthase(SSS),granule-bound starch synthase(GBSS) and starch branching enzymes(SBE) in wheat grains,and correspondingly reduced the starch content and amylopectin content in wheat grains.Reasonable application of nitrogen fertilizer promoted transforming from sucrose to starch,and increased the activities of four enzymes mentioned above as well.Compared with the treatment of W1N3,W1N1 and W1N0,the max activities of ADPG-PPase,SSS,GBSS and SBE of W1N2 increased by 1.5％,7.9％,11.9 ％,5.8％ and 9.6％,4.5％,4.7％,5.2％ and 13.6 ％,7.6 ％,20.9 ％,10.5 ％,respectively,while the excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer had a negative effect on the enzyme activity.Appropriately increasing supply of nitrogen fertilizer could increase spike number,kernels per spike and 1 000 kernel weight,and then improve yield significantly.The yield of W1 N2 was greater than that of W1 N3 and W1 N0 by 164.6 ％ and 3.0％,respectively.Therefore,the low irrigation limit of 60％-65％ of field capacity and nitrogen level of 240 kg · hm-2 during the grain filling stage could improve the sucrose content,increase the starch synthesis enzyme activity,and promote carbon and nitrogen metabolism and wheat grain yield.
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