The Dusk of Rational Subjects:Descartes'Concept of Rational Subject and Nietzsche's Challenge
Because of discussing the self without any premises for the first time,Descartes initiated a true discussion of the self in the history of Western philosophy.In Cartesian philosophy,"self'refers to"Cogito",and the essence of"Cogito"is the subjective concept of rationalism,that is,the rational subject.Starting from Descartes,the viewpoint of"the self as a rational subject can understand truth"deeply rooted in people's hearts,played an essential role in promoting scientific development and social change in later generations,and became an important component of the rationalist tradition.This article will attempt to explain that the concept of rational subject is the same as Descartes'concept of"Cogito"and has three characteristics in its dual position of body and mind:1st,the subject is a spiritual entity;2nd,the subject implies autonomy in behavior and choice,and 3rd,the subject implies an innate unity;Yet the irrational philosophy proposed by Nietzsche effectively challenges Descartes'concept of rational subject by bridging the duality of mind and body.
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