Practical Problems and Mechanisms for Rural Revitalization in Ethnic Minority Areas in the Process of Chinese Modernization:Based on the Idea of Constructing of Farmer Cooperatives
Due to a combination of natural constraints and historical conditions,most ethnic minority areas in China are still in the transition from comprehensive poverty alleviation to all-round revitalization.Within the process of Chinese mod-ernization,comprehensive rural revitalization of ethnic minority areas is still facing some practical obstacles.These include the need for strengthening grass-roots organizations,the prevalent phenome-non of rural depopulation,the imperative to en-hance levels of industrial modernization,the pre-carious nature of inter-ethnic relations,and the in-tertwined pressures of ecological governance.At present,rural revitalization efforts in eth-nic regions seem to confront numerous practical problems that necessitate adjustments in both pro-ductive forces and production relations.Drawing upon basic Marxist theory such as the inevitability of transitioning from small-scale peasant econo-mies,the primacy of productivity in shaping pro-duction relations,and the centrality of people as the agents of social practice,it can be inferred that farmer cooperatives emerge as representative prod-ucts of the symbiotic evolution of rural social pro-ductive forces and production relations.In this re-gard,farmer cooperatives can be viewed as a new type of production and business operation,facilita-ting the socialization of rural production and the in-tegration of rural human resources in ethnic minori-ty areas.This conceptualization has become the generating principle of farmer cooperatives in rural revitalization initiatives in ethnic minority areas.Farmer cooperativesare economic cooperation and social service organizations that are closely em-bedded within rural society,sharing weal and woe with local industries,and being inherently aligned with the well-being of farmers'livelihoods.These cooperatives should give full play to their organiza-tional efficiency in the rural revitalization efforts in ethnic areas.Specifically,farmer cooperatives could serve as supplementary bastions of grassroots participatory democracy,a good platform for en-dogenous development across all ethnic groups,the primary agents driving adjustments in the ethnic in-dustrial structure,a natural platform for the educa-tion of ethnic unity and progress,and the organic role of coordinating the relationship between hu-mans and nature.This multifaceted task potentially enables farmer cooperatives to contribute signifi-cantly to achieving the five-dimensional goals in-cluding effective governance,an affluent life,making industries thrive,and creating a civilized social atmosphere and a livable ecological environ-ment.In this way,all ethnic groups will be en-couraged to jointly pursue socialist modernization through endogenous development.In conclusion,farmer cooperatives can be considered as a representative product of endoge-nous development,rooted in rural ethnic minority areas,and they can potentially promote a"reor-ganization"of diverse ethnic peoples.On the one hand,they may serve as conduits for integrating external aid with endogenous resources,and on the other hand,they can transform external aid re-sources into endogenous development momentum,which could help ethnic minority areas to take the road of endogenous modernization in the process of Chinese modernization,using the organization type of cooperatives.Of course,the role of farmer coop-eratives in rural revitalization in ethnic minority ar-eas has its own advantages and limits.Using a co-ordinated governance framework,encompassing multiple forces while trying to synchronize external aid and endogenous resources,it is deemed neces-sary to jointly promote a comprehensive revitaliza-tion of rural ethnic minority areas and stimulate the modernization of all ethnic groups in the construc-tion of the community for the Chinese nation.
rural revitalizationChinese modernizationcooperatives of farmersethnic mi-nority areasendogenous development
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