Migration and Ethnic Integration in Sichuan and Guizhou during the Late Ming and Early Qing Dynasties:A Study Based on Molian Mo Legend
After Zhang Xianzhong's conquest of Sichuan,a wave of refugees flooded into the southwestern border land of Sichuan and Guizhou,and merged with ethnic minorities there,strengthening the influence of those ethnic minorities.The Southern Ming led by Sun Kewang mobilized refugees for land reclamation and recruited armed forces from ethnic minorities,encouraging refugees to exploit the borderland,prompting ethnic minorities to leave their homes for military services.As a result,the military and administrative force of the Southern Ming penetrated into mountainous regions in Southwest China.The mass mobilization and regional exploitation of the Southern Ming played a transitional role.Similarly,Wu Sangui also conscripted ethnic minorities after his rebellion.During this period,Molian Mo抹脸魔(Peeling-face Monster)Legend provided a clue for explaining migration and ethnic integration in Sichuan and Guizhou during the Late Ming and Early Qing periods.After unifying Southwest China,the Qing Dynasty proceeded with the Southern Ming's efforts in developing Southwest China and surpassed the Southern Ming's efforts,which promoted ethnic integration in Southwest China.Molian Mo Legend was also fading away as the social environment changed.
the Southern MingSichuanGuizhoucommunication,exchanges,and integration among ethnic groupsmonster legend
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