Continuation and Substitution of Nomadism:An Ethnographic Study of Pastoralist Livelihood Patterns in Urad Grassland in Northern Yinshan Mountains
Based on the long-term fieldwork at Suji Pasture in Urad Zhongqi,this paper presents a new pattern of contemporary pastoralist livelihood in Urad Grassland from the perspective of internal and external linkage.The study found that pastoralists continued the traditional local livelihood mode through various forms such as zoning for rotational grazing,leasing pastures for grazing,and supplementing grazing with farming.Modern scientific and technological advancements have become effective means for maintaining pastoral livelihood.In addition to nomadism,tourism and border trade have become new opportunities for expanding their livelihoods.The diversification of contemporary livelihood patterns among the Urad grassland pastoralists in northern Yinshan mountains reflects the survival wisdom of the pastoralist communities,and illustrates the interweaving relationship between tradition and modernity.This ethnographic case offers valuable insights into the livelihood of contemporary pastoralists and their interactions with modern society,and also provides ongoing potential for research on the social transformation of pastoral areas.