Ethnic Identity and Integration in Southern Sichuan during the Song Dynasty
From the New Book of Tang:Biography of Nanping Lao to the History of Song:Biography of Manyi,the main identity of non-Huaxia ethnic groups in the Rong,Lu,and Yu prefectures of southern Sichuan had shifted from"Ge Liao"and"Nanping Liao"to"various Yi"and"various Man",providing an important perspective for observing the ethnic integration of Bashu in the Song Dynasty.As the main ethnic group in southern Sichuan dur-ing the Jin and Tang dynasties,the"Liao people"showed several types of political and cul-tural differentiation in the Song Dynasty.Firstly,the"Liao people"in formal prefectures and counties in southern Sichuan were incorporated into the"Huaxia political system"and became ordinary Bianhuqimin.Secondly,the"opening of borders"in the southern Sichuan border prefectures allowed the"Liao people"to blend with other vassal tribes,forming a"vassal Yi"system that was dependent on the Song court,and gradually incorporated into the fortress system,coexisting with the"Han people".Thirdly,during the Tang and Song dynasties,as the"Wuman"moved north and the"Qiang people"came east,they filled the power gap in the northern parts of Nanzhong after the"Liao people"entered Sichuan.The indigenous tribes of"Liao people"who stayed here were mixed with the"Qiang and Man",forming the"Outer Man"who surrounded Hua and Yi.The ethnic identity in southern Si-chuan during the Song Dynasty presented a special structure of"Huaxia center,internal Yi,peripheral Man",reflecting the historical process of ethnic integration in the southwest region.
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