Stem and Leaf of Ceratophyllum demersum Decomposition Alters Fungal Community Structure on Litter Surfaces
Fungi plays an important role in litter decomposition and the geochemical cycling of nutrient elements.Howev-er,limited information is currently available regarding the fungal communities during the litter decomposition,particularly for submerged plants.Thus,a 145-d field study was conducted to evaluate the extent and direction by which the litter de-composition of Ceratophyllum demersum in affecting fungi community and composition using litter bag incubation technique.Two kinds of decomposition bags with different pore sizes(0.15 vs.0.60 mm diameters)were used,and retrieved on the day 6,28,and 145 of the incubation to monitor the mass loss,nutrient release,and fungal community during the litter de-composition.Results show that totally 2 786 operational taxonomic units(OTU)were obtained from 18 samples,including 13 phyla,42 classes,110 orders,262 families,and 542 genera.The dominant phylum was Ascomycota,with a relative a-bundance of 46.31％.There were no significant differences in alpha diversity indexes of fungi among the three decomposi-tion times(P＞0.05).However,fungal community composition was significantly different with the decomposition time.Analysis of similarity(ANOSIM)and permutation multivariate analysis of variance(PERMANOVA)show that the litter fungal community structure was affected by decomposition time(P＜0.05),but not by the pore size of litter bag(P＞0.05).Canonical correspondence analysis(CCA)and redundancy analysis(RDA)suggested that the fungal community structure was significantly correlated with litter biomass,decomposition rate,TN,TP,TC concentrations,C/N and C/P ratios(P＜0.05).The concentration of TN,TP,COD,pH value,DO,and temperature also had a significant impact on the change of fungal community structure(P＜0.05).Spearman correlation analysis and Mantel test further confirmed that the fungal species and community composition were co-affected by physio-chemical characteristics of the litter and water quality parameters.Overall,our results provide the essential data for evaluating the ecological functions of submerged plants during the litter decaying period.
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