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齐楚长城始筑年代辨析

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齐楚长城孰早孰晚,是中国长城史研究的重要问题.本文通过对《左传》《(驫)羌编钟铭》等相关文献记录的排比分析,结合考古解剖和长城遗迹遗存结构形式对比证明:至少在齐灵公后期,齐长城已经存在,至齐威王前期,齐长城反复出现在文献记录中.齐桓公之后是五子争立的乱局,继立的齐顷公在位时间较短,不可能修筑长城;其后的齐灵公执政时间虽然稍长,但也无力完成全部齐长城的修筑,结合《国语·齐语》"环山于有牢"的记载,认为《管子》所记齐桓公筑长城应该是可信的.《竹书》谓齐威王、齐闵王始筑长城,或为传抄、流传过程中的失真.《水经注》《齐记》以田氏、齐宣王筑长城,或导源于《竹书》之误.《左传》屈完所称"楚方城",最初只是一道不易逾越的峻岭,后来才有了小城、列城,至战国楚怀王时期才修筑了长城.
To distinguish the time sequence of the Great Wall of Qi and Chu is an important question in the study of the history of the Great Wall in China.Based on the comparative analysis of Zuo Zhuan,Biao Qiang Bian Zhong Ming,and other relevant documents,combined with the comparison of archaeological anatomy and the structural forms of the Great Wall remains,this paper proves that the Great Wall of Qi already existed at least in the late period of Duke Ling of Qi,and appeared repeatedly in the literature records until the early period of King Wei of Qi.Duke Huan of Qi was followed by the chaos in which the five sons competed,and the successor Duke Qing of Qi had a short reign and could not build the Great Wall.Although the reign time of the later King Ling of Qi was a little longer,he was unable to complete the construction of the Great Wall of Qi.Considering the record of"surrounded the mountains in the prison"in Guoyu·Qi,it is believed that the record of Duke Huan of Qi building the Great Wall in Guanzi should be credible.Bamboo Book says that King Wei of Qi and King Min of Qi began to build the Great Wall,which probably was a distortion in the process of copying and spreading.The Great Wall built by Tian and King Xuan of Qi in Commentary on the Waterways Classic and Qi Ji may be derived from the mistakes of Bamboo Book.The"Chufang City"mentioned by Qu Wan of Zuo Zhuan was originally only a steep mountain that was not easy to overcome,but later there was a small city and Lie Cheng.It was not until the period of King Huai of Chu in the Warring States Period that the Great Wall was built.

Great Wall of Qi and ChuInitial Construction PeriodRemainsStructural Forms

王永波、孔胜利

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山东省文物考古研究院

齐楚长城 始筑年代 遗存 结构形式

2024

南方文物
江西省文物考古研究所 江西省博物馆

南方文物

CHSSCD北大核心
影响因子:0.131
ISSN:1004-6275
年,卷(期):2024.(3)
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