This article argues that the design of Liangzhu jade cong is divided into three groups:vertical grooves,images radiating from the corners,and the column-shaped objects.These elements all emphasize the importance of the central hole of the Cong King as a channel for ascending to heaven.The images of humans and birds on the Cong King further confirm the significance of this central hole as a gateway to heaven.Through the analysis of changes in the"sections"of jade cong,it is believed that in the late Liangzhu culture,each section not only represents an ancestral deity of a specific generation but also expresses the hierarchical structure of heaven.The design and variation of the"sections"primarily serve the practical function of the cong,further confirming that the Liangzhu jade cong was created based on concepts of heaven,earth,humans,and gods,as well as the clan and patriarchal systems of society.Liangzhu culture absorbed and integrated various ideologies,including those from Lingjiatan,gradually forming a dominant culture that spread outward in three directions:northern Jiangsu,the Yangtze River,and southern Zhejiang.As the most central ritual object of Liangzhu,the jade cong,along with its underlying philosophical ideas,was widely accepted during this dissemination.As a symbol of the origins of Chinese civilization,Liangzhu jade cong embodies rich historical and cultural connotations and stands as one of the most important spiritual symbols of traditional Chinese culture.
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