Stone-walled cities in the northern region emerged during the Miaodigou Ⅱ period and persisted through the Xia-Shang period.These fortified cities were predominantly situated in the border regions of Shanxi,Shaanxi and Inner Mongolia,serving both military and trade functions.The Linzheyu site was located on the eastern bank of the Yellow River in northwestern Shanxi,the center area of the distribution of stone-walled cities.Its chronological range encompasses the entire duration of stone-walled cities,from their inception to their decline.In response to the environmental changes,the ancestors at the Linzheyu site adopted dryland agriculture,complemented by the active utilization of other plants.The primary crop is foxtail millet,and the crop structure was stable for a long period of time.From the Late Neolithic to the Bronze Age,the dietary patterns of the stone-walled cities dwellers were quite similar,characterized by the combination of dryland farming,animal husbandry,and supplemented by hunting and gathering activities.The ancestors of the stone-walled cities actively adapted and reshaped the natural and social landscape,laying the foundation for economic vitality,social stability and communal unity.
Linzheyu sitenorthern regionstone-walled cityLate NeolithicBronze Age
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