The origin and evolution of Qingbai ware have been subjects of diverse perspectives and interpretations,remaining a focal point of scholarly debate.This issue not only pertains to the ceramic industry of the Song dynasty and the social landscape it reflects,but also encompasses key questions about the transmission routes,technological integration,and development patterns of northern and southern ceramics from the Tang dynasty onwards.Utilizing advanced techniques like X-ray fluorescence(XRF)spectroscopy and Isotope Mass spectrometry,this study conducts a comprehensive examination of Qingbai wares from various periods unearthed at the Fanchang kiln in Anhui province,China,integrating previous research to elucidate the underlying patterns of technological origin and evolution.The results reveal that early Qingbai wares,primarily represented by the Fanchang kiln in southern Anhui and Jingdezhen in Jiangxi,though similar in appearance and form,exhibit distinct patterns in strontium isotope composition.Comparative analysis shows that Fanchang kiln products are characterized by the use of plant ash glazes,closely resembling Yue kiln celadon,indicating a continuity in technological practices.In contrast,Jingdezhen kiln products underwent earlier formula modifications,with significant technological advancements and innovations emerging by the mid-to-late Northern Song period.These findings indicate that,despite both regions being situated within the north-south cultural interaction zone,they employed entirely different strategies in their technological choices and integration,leading to divergent developmental trajectories.This provides critical scientific evidences for studying the origins of southern Qingbai ware and white porcelain,the fusion of ceramic technologies,and the interplay between cultural and technological factors.