An Analysis of the Textual Discrepancies in the Negotiations of the COC and the Applicability of the"China-ASEAN"Cooperation Framework
The"Code of Conduct in the South China Sea"(COC)is an independent rule-making effort by China and ASEAN countries,based on the Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea,aimed at properly addressing South China Sea issues.It is also an important attempt to explore regional maritime governance within the"China-ASEAN"cooperation framework.Text divergences in the negotiations of the Code primarily center on three issues:the scope and spatial applicability,the legal binding force and the establishment of dispute resolution mechanisms,and the issue of self-restraint.Based on a potential three-tier mechanism of dialogue,cooperation,and dispute resolution,the"China-ASEAN"framework represented by the COC negotiations will further normalize,stabilize,and institution-alize,which in turn will enhance the international legal effectiveness of the Code and other South China Sea issues,broaden their recognition,and expand their functions.Future governance under the Code will need to adhere to the"China-ASEAN"cooperation framework,advance step-by-step to foster new institu-tional developments,and innovate specific approaches to resolve divergences.
the code of conduct in the South China Sea"China-ASEAN"cooperation frameworkSouth China Sea Community with a shared futuregovernance approachautonomous knowledge
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